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Chemistry
Exploring Chemical Reaction Rate
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Kinetics laboratory
Marble + HCl
CaCO₃ + 2HCl → CaCl₂ + CO₂ + H₂O
25 °C · 1 bar
Vref · mL
1.00 g CaCO₃
Vref: 25 °C · 1 bar · illustrative bubbles
Gas volume over time
━ B · Current runVref (mL) · 25 °C, 1 bar
Run the experiment, then drag two markers on the curve to measure ΔV/Δt.
Equivalent data table
| t (s) | Vref (mL) |
|---|---|
| 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 0.0 | 0.0 |
Playback speed changes viewing pace. Measurements use simulated time.
Stronger acid: faster reaction or more gas?
Keep 1 g carbonate, 100 mL acid, 25 °C and large pieces. Change only C₀.
Rewind to change reaction conditions.
Gas volume · Vref
0.0 mL
- Time
- 0.0 s
- Conversion
- 0.0 %
- Initial rate r₀ (mL/s)
- 2.76
- Rate r(t) (mL/s)
- 2.76
Not started
t₉₉ ≈ 246.2 s. Observation stops at 99%; reaction is not entirely complete.
[HCl](t) = 1.000 M
Complete a run and pin A. When conditions change, the first completed run is retained as a reference.
Experiment comparison table
Each run reaching 99% is saved · up to 20 runs · pin a run as reference A.
Run the first experiment to start comparing.
Model notes
- The model uses illustrative values: reaction order in HCl is 1, Ea = 60 kJ/mol, MnO₂ catalyst increases the rate constant 100 times. Do not infer experimental constants from simulation results.
- Batch model: HCl depletes and carbonate particles shrink uniformly (surface proportional to remaining fraction to the power 2/3). Vref refers to 25 °C, 1 bar (Vm = 24.79 L/mol). Both observations stop at 99% conversion, leaving 1% reactant. Bubbles and particles are qualitative; solution volume is constant.