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Chemistry · Physics
Rutherford Scattering
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Fire alpha particles through models of the atom and observe their paths as you change energy and nuclear composition.
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Follow the alpha particle paths. Most particles travel nearly straight; some change direction near a nucleus. Switch to Nucleus for a closer view.
Cyan: direction below 30°Amber: direction 30–90°Pink: backscattered (over 90°)Colour follows the trail tip relative to the incoming beam.
Particle symbols
- α particle (He²⁺: 2p + 2n)
- +Protons
- nNeutrons
Model notes
- An alpha particle contains 2 protons and 2 neutrons. The energy slider gives relative levels, not a measured value in MeV.
- This classical model considers scattering by the electric force of the nucleus; neutrons add no electric force. Electron effects and nuclear reactions are omitted.
- Particles, nuclei and atomic rings are enlarged for visibility. Plum pudding represents a historical hypothesis.